Antilock or antiskid device The vehicle will stop more quickly if the brakes are applied just hard enough to get maximum static friction between the tyres and road. If the brakes are applied harder than this then the wheels will lock, the tyres will skid or slide on the road and a lesser kinetic friction will result. Then braking the
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Power steering In heavy duty (dump) trucks and power tractors the effort applied by the driver is inadequate to turn the wheels. In this case a booster arrangement is incorporated in the steering system. The booster is set into operation when the steering wheel is turned. The booster then takes over and does most of the work for steering. This
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Automatic transmission There are two types of automatic transmission (gear box), namely, semi-automatic transmission and transmission and fully automatic transmission. These are distinguished according to their effect on vehicle handling dynamics. Semi-automatic transmissions are the gear boxes on which all operations normally performed by the driver when changing gear are carried out by electronically controlled actuator systems. This implies that
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Seat belts safety systems in vehicles: The function of the seat belts is to restrain the occupants of a vehicle in their seats when the vehicle hits an obstacle.
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Super plastic forming process (SPF) is appreciated tool for the fabrication of complex parts used in the aircraft and automobile industries.
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Components of a common rail system In the common rail system, a pressure sensor measures the fuel pressure in the rail, its signal valve is compared with the desired value stored in the engine computer. If the measured value and the desired value are different, an overflow orifice in the pressure regulator on the high pressure side is opened or
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Mechanical fuel injection systems In the year of 1927 Bosch brought the first mechanical hydraulicfuel injection system for truck diesel engines. This made diesel engines familiar among people. In1932 the complete fuel system consisting of nozzle holder assembly, nozzle, filter system was introduced. Jerk pump injection system The jerk pump controlled system has a single reciprocating type pump for each
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Hybrid vehicles The term Hybrid drive denotes such vehicle drives with more than one drive source. Hybrid drives can incorporate several similar or dissimilar types of energy stores and/or power converters. The goal of the hybrid drive developments is to combine different drive components, such that the advantages of each are utilized under varying operating conditions in such a manner
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Blow moulding Working principle In this process between the two parts of open moulds a hot extruded tube called parison is placed. The two valves of the moulds move close to each other so that the moulds closes over the tube. The parison’s bottom end is sealed. The molten plastic is mould with the help of blowing compressed air and
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HEAT TREATMENT The strength toughness of the base material are determined by its chemical composition and the heat treatment it undergoes. Low carbon steel is easily available and cheap having all material properties that are acceptable for many applications. Low carbon steel contains carbon contain of 0.15% to 0.45%. Heat treatment on low carbon steel is to increase ductility, to
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